Sabis Mai tsami & Aikace-aikace na Musamman

Ma'anar sabis na tsamia cikin siyan bututun ba wai kawai "H₂S yana nan ba." Yana nufin hadewarH₂ matsa lamba, zazzabi, pH, da chloridesiya fitar da hydrogen zuwa karfe da kuma jawoSSC/HIC, don haka dole ne hanyar abu da ka'idojin karɓa su bi ƙa'idodin sabis maimakon aikin bututu na gabaɗaya.

Misali:Rahoton ruwa yana nunawa1,000 ppm H₂Sna iya kallon "matsakaici," amma a100 barjimlar matsa lamba yana fassara zuwa~0.1 bar pH₂S, wanda yake da tsananin isa ga masu aiki da yawa don ƙarfafa buƙatun akan sarrafa tauri da cancantar m. Sabanin haka, 1,000 ppm iri ɗaya a10 barkawai~0.01 bar pH₂S, sau da yawa yana haifar da yanke shawara na sayayya daban-daban.
Shi ya sa zaɓaɓɓen sabis na ɗanɗano {{0} yawanci ana yin shi ta hanyarrahoton kimiyyar ruwada ka'idojin gudanarwa (na kowaNACE MR0175 / ISO 15156)-kuma me yasa Octal Pipe yakan nemi ambulaf ɗin sabis (ppH₂S / pH / zafin jiki) kafin tabbatar da fakitin kayan bututu mai tsami.

A cikin masana'antun mai & gas, petrochemical, bakin teku, da babban{0}}matsi/matsayi{1}}zazzabi (HPHT) masana'antu, aikace-aikacen sabis na ɗanɗano yana buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu akan darajar ƙarfe, abun da ke tattare da sinadarai, maganin zafi, ingancin walda, sutura, da jurewar girma. Ba tare da ingantaccen sarrafawa ba, mahalli masu tsami na iya yin tasiri sosai ga amincin bututun, aminci, da rayuwar aiki.

Octal Pipe yana ba da sabis na tsami da bututun layin aikace-aikace na musamman waɗanda suka dace da manyan ƙa'idodi da takaddun shaida.

Sabis mai tsami H₂S ppmalama ce ta maida hankali, ammabaya ayyana tsananin tsami da kanta. Yawancin cancantar kayan aikin sabis ne ke jagorantar suH₂ S matsa lamba (ppH₂S)saboda fashe kasadar ana sarrafa tatuki mai karfi don shigar da hydrogen, wanda ke ƙaruwa tare da matsa lamba. A cikin sharuddan injiniya, ppH₂ dole ne a kimanta tare dapH, chlorides, zafin jiki, da wadatar lokacin ruwa, saboda waɗannan sigogi suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi ga mai saurin SSC/HIC.

Canza mai amfani don iskar gas{0}}wani lokaci shine:

ppH₂S=(H₂S mole juzu'i) × (cikakken matsa lamba)

• Don abun ciki na gas,juzu'in mole ≈ ppm / 1,000,000(ppmv tushen).
• Amfanicikakken matsin lamba(ba ma'auni ba).
• Bayanan raka'a:1 mashaya=100 kPa; 1 psi ≈ 6.895 kPa.

Misalai masu aiki (ppm iri ɗaya, tsanani daban-daban):

• 1,000 ppm {2}. A100 barjimlar matsa lamba: ppH₂S=0.001 × 100 =0.1 bar.
• Duk daya1,000 ppma10 barjimlar matsa lamba: ppH₂S=0.001 × 10 =0.01 bar.
• Ko da yake ppm iri ɗaya ce, shari'ar ta biyu tana da10× ƙananan pH₂S, wanda yawanci yana haifar da buƙatun abu / gwaji daban-daban a cikin ƙayyadaddun aikin.

Me yasa wannan ke da mahimmanci don siyan bututu:

Yayin da ppH₂S ke ƙaruwa, ayyukan yawanci suna ƙarfafa iko akan abubuwan da ke haifar da sakamakon SSC/HIC{0}} galibiIyakoki na taurin (musamman weld/HAZ), tsaftar ƙarfe / sarrafa haɗawa, da ƙimar cancantar daɗaɗɗen da ake buƙata (HIC/SSC lokacin da aka ƙayyade). Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa odar siyayya wacce kawai ke faɗi "H₂S=X ppm" sau da yawa baya isa don kammala fakitin kayan bututun sabis. A aikace, H₂S (ppmv ko mol%),jimlar aiki matsa lamba, zazzabi,pH, chlorides, da kuma ko akwai lokacin ruwa kyauta. Tare da waɗannan, ana iya kafa ppH₂S kuma ana iya saita hanyar kayan (da takaddun da ake buƙata / gwaji) akai-akai.Octal Pipe yawanci yana tambayar ambulaf ɗin sabis (ppH₂S, pH, zafin jiki, chlorides, da lokacin ruwa) da farko, sannan ya daidaita hanyar abu da iyakokin takaddun zuwa ma'aunin gudanarwa don aikin zai iya share bayanan fasaha ba tare da jinkiri ba.

Abubuwan buƙatun kayan sabis na tsamian saita su don hana gazawar SSC/HIC, don haka odar ya kamata ya ayyana bututu azaman am sabis bututu kayan kunshin- ba kawai OD/WT da maki ba. A aikace, odar siyan ya kamata ya bayyana a sarari:

• Matsayin mai juyayi:NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 (kuma wane bangare ya shafi), da kowane takamaiman aiki / kamfani.
• Ambulan sabis (tushen zaɓi):ppH₂S (ko H₂S abun da ke ciki + jimlar matsa lamba), pH, zafin jiki, chlorides, da ko ruwa kyauta yana nan.
• Iyakar sarrafa kayan aiki:sarrafa sinadarai (ciki har da tsabta/haɗin kai), hanyar ƙera ƙarfe kamar yadda ake buƙata ta ƙayyadaddun bayanai, hanyar maganin zafi, da tushen sarrafa taurin.
• Gwajin tsami (lokacin da ake buƙata ta ƙayyadaddun bayanai):Cancantar HIC / SSC, mitar samfur, da sharuɗɗan karɓa.
• PSL / ƙarin buƙatun:misali, API 5L PSL2 tare da ƙarin buƙatun sabis inda aka zartar.
• Ikon Weld/HAZ (idan an yarda da bututu mai walda):Weld dinki NDT ikonsa da kowane taurin / cancantar buƙatun da aikin ITP ya yi nuni.

Yadda Octal Pipe ke tallafawa siyayyar sabis:Octal Pipe yawanci yana farawa daambulaf sabissannan a gina bita{0}}kunshin da aka shirya a kusa da shi{1}} yana tabbatar da ko bututun layin karfe na carbon yana da karbuwa ko kuma ana buƙatar haɓakawa (mafi tsananin ƙarfi, gwajin cancanta, CRA/clad/lining) don amincewa. Don ƙaddamar da EPC, za mu iya samar da ayawa{0}} taswirar ganowa(zafi / nada → alamar bututu → bayanan gwaji), kuma daidaita saitunan daftarin aiki (MTC + rahoton dubawa / gwaji) zuwa aikin ITP don haka ba a jinkirta nazarin fasaha na abokin ciniki da sakin kayan ba ta hanyar haɗin da aka ɓace.

Yankin Sabis na Mai tsami 3 (Mai Tsananin Ciki)

Wasu ginshiƙan ma'aikata suna rarraba tsananin ƙima zuwa yankuna;Yanki 3yawanci ana amfani dashi don wakilcimai tsanani sabisakan pH vs pH₂S zane. A cikin Yanki 3, masu siye yawanci suna ƙarfafa hanyar kayan aiki da iyawar cancanta (masu sarrafa ƙarfi + gwaji mai ƙarfi + takaddun takaddun) saboda iyakokin SSC sun yi ƙasa da ƙasa.

Zabin bututun sabis yawanci ana jawo shi ne ta hanyar waniambulan aiki mai aunawa-ppH₂S, pH, chlorides, zafin jiki, da lokacin ruwa{1} maimakon alamar aikin. Abubuwan da ke ƙasa suna bayyanaainihin yanayin filinwanda ke haifar da haɗarin SSC/HIC da buƙatun sayayya.

• Babban - iskar iskar gas mai matsakaita ppm" H₂S (ppH₂S- tsananin zafin):

H₂S ppm guda ɗaya na iya zama mai tsanani lokacin da jimlar matsa lamba ya yi girma, yana tura pH₂S zuwa yankin da SSC ke raguwa. Ayyuka yawanci suna ƙarfafawasarrafa taurinkuma suna buƙatar shaidar cancanta mai tsami maimakon dogaro da sunan daraja kaɗai.

• Wet gas / multiphase kwarara tare da ruwa kyauta + chlorides:

Lokacin da lokaci na ruwa ya kasance (condensation, samar da ruwa, ko yanayin damuwa), chlorides da ƙananan pH suna ƙara shigarwar hydrogen da aikin lalata. Yawan saye yana ƙayyadeHIC iko/gwaji (lokacin da ake buƙata)da ƙarin buƙatun tsabtar kayan abu.

• Ƙananan mahalli{0}pH daga CO₂ + ruwa (carbonic acid), tare da H₂S:

CO₂ narkar da cikin ruwa siffofin carbonic acid da accelerates lalata; ko da ƙananan H₂ na iya matsawa yanayin gazawar zuwa SSC/HIC. Masu saye sukan ƙaratsananin yarda akan juriya mai tsamitare da izinin lalata/shafi/shawarar da aka ɗaure da rahoton ruwa.

• Keken zafin jiki da kuma rufewa / farawa masu wucewa:

Yawancin "rasassun" ana haifar da su ta hanyar aiki masu wucewa: sauye-sauyen zafin jiki, matsa lamba, da lokutan jika/ bushewa. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai sau da yawa suna ƙarfafawaweld / HAZ iko, saboda taurin kololuwa da abubuwan damuwa na gida sun zama mafi mahimmanci a ƙarƙashin keke.

• Bayyanar bakin teku / bakin teku tare da fesa gishiri + busasshen keke (da kuma kafofin watsa labarai mai tsami):

Yanayi na waje yana ƙara damuwa na lalata (gishiri, zafi, wuraren fantsama) akan haɗarin ɗanɗano na ciki. Sayi yawanci yana haɗa buƙatun cancanta mai tsami tare datsarin sutura + yarda da dubawa(Sharuɗɗan hutu, hanyar gyarawa).

• Ruwan tsari na acidic tare da gurɓatawa (H₂S, NH₃, CO₂, chlorides):

Layukan tsaftacewa/sunadarai na iya ganin gaurayawan gurɓatattun abubuwa da direbobin lalata, waɗanda ke canza shawarar daga "bututun layin daidai" zuwa "sabis{0}} ƙwararrun kayan ambulan." Bukatu yawanci suna zama daftarin aiki -mai nauyi:bayyanannen iyawar cancanta, tushen taurin, da taswirar ganowa.

Bayanin bututu Octal:A cikin binciken sabis mai tsami, Octal Pipe yawanci yana farawa ta hanyar tabbatar da ambulaf ɗin sabis (ppH₂S/pH/temperature/chlorides/water phase) sannan kuma ya daidaita hanyar kayan, iyakar gwaji (lokacin da aka ƙayyade), da fakitin takaddun zuwa ƙa'idar gudanarwa don haka zaɓin za'a bita{1}a shirye yake-

Sayen sabis na ɗanɗano yakan rushe a wurare guda biyu:nazari na fasaha(Ba a sani ba) kumasakin yanar gizo(shaida ba ta taswirar bututu). Octal Pipe yana ɗaukar sabis ɗin tsami azaman sarrafawa, bita{1}}kunshin shirye-shiryen da aka gina dagaambulaf sabis-ppH₂S, pH, zafin jiki, chlorides, da lokacin ruwa{1}} don haka hanyar abu, iyakar gwaji, da takaddun sun daidaita kafin fara samarwa.

Misalai na ainihi{0} na duniya inda wannan hanyar ke adana lokaci da sake yin aiki:

• Misali 1 - "ppm yayi kama da matsakaici," matsa lamba yana sa shi mai tsanani:

Rahoton ruwa na iya bayyanaH₂S= 1,000 ppm, wanda zai iya bayyana ana iya sarrafa shi a kallon farko. Amma idan layin yana aiki a babban matsin lamba, daH₂ S matsa lamba (ppH₂S)na iya matsar da sabis ɗin zuwa tsarin tsarin tsami mai tsananin buƙata. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, masu mallaka yawanci suna ƙarfafa buƙatu akansarrafa taurinda kuma tushen cancantar ƙarƙashin MR0175/ISO 15156 (ko takamaiman mai aiki). Octal Pipe yana tuta wannan da wuri kuma yana mai da rahoton sunadarai zuwa iyakar sayayya wanda zai iya wuce bita{3}maimakon barin tattaunawar ta tsaya a makare a matsayin "bukatun tsami marasa zato."

• Misali 2 - rigar iskar gas / samar da ruwa + chlorides yana canza yanayin rashin nasara:

Lokacin da ruwa kyauta yake kuma chlorides suna da yawa, haɗarin yana canzawa daga "lalata gabaɗaya" zuwaHankalin SSC/HIC, kuma aikin na iya buƙataGwajin HIC/SSC(ko ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin karɓa) maimakon jimlar maganganun yarda. Octal Pipe yana daidaita kayan da shirin gwaji zuwa ITP gaba don haka za'a iya fitar da kuri'a akan takaddun shaida maimakon shari'ar - ta hanyar{2}} fassarar shari'a.

Abin da Octal Pipe ke bayarwa don ayyukan sabis mai tsami (ana iya saurare, ba gama gari ba):

• Sabis{0}}ambulan{1} zaɓen kayan aiki:Carbon karfe m line bututu a lokacin da yarda, tare da ake bukata controls; kuma lokacin da ambulaf ɗin ya buƙaci shi, Octal Pipe na iya ba da shawarar haɓakawa kamarkula da taurin ƙarfi, tsananin cancantar iyawa, ko zaɓuɓɓukan CRA/clad/liningdon share mai shi/EPC bita.
• Shaidar cancanta da bincike masu alaƙa da PO/ITP:Gwajin HIC/SSC lokacin da aka kayyade, UT/NDT bisa ga iyakar aikin, da ayyukan walda masu sarrafawa/HAZ inda ya dace{0}}mai tsami- karɓar sabis yana samun goyan bayan bayanan.
• Gano abin da ya tsira daga gaskiyar rukunin yanar gizon:Lot{0}} tushen taswirar da ke haɗuwazafi / nada → alamar bututu → rikodin gwaji → MTC, rage jinkirin sabis na gama gari{0}: "bututun da aka kawo amma ba a saki ba" saboda rashin hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo.

Tuntuɓi yanzu

FAQ

 

 

Tambaya: Menene ma'anar sabis na tsami a cikin bututun mai & gas?

A:Sabis mai tsami yana nufin yanayin aiki (pH₂S, pH, zafin jiki, chlorides, da lokacin ruwa) na iya haifar da lalacewar hydrogen{0}} kamarSSC/HIC, don haka abu da karbuwa dole ne su biyo bayaMR0175 / ISO 15156bukatun.

Tambaya: Sabis mai tsami H2S ppm - ya isa ppm don yin hukunci mai tsanani?

A:A'a. Ana ƙididdige tsananin taH₂ S matsa lamba (ppH₂S), ba ppm kadai ba; allo mai amfani shineppH₂S=(H₂S mole juzu'i) × ( jimlar matsa lamba).

Q: Menene buƙatun kayan sabis na kayan zaki don kayan bututun sabis ɗin mai tsami?

A:PO mai tsami ya kamata ya bayyana ma'aunin gudanarwa (MR0175/ISO 15156),ambulaf sabis(ppH₂S/pH/T/chlorides/water), da kuma abubuwan sarrafawa da ake buƙata kamartaurin iyakakumaGwajin HIC/SSClokacin da aka ƙayyade.

Tambaya: Menene bukatun walda na sabis na tsami?

A:Abubuwan buƙatun walda na sabis na ɗanɗano suna mai da hankali kan sarrafawaweld / HAZ taurin(sau da yawa ta hanyar sarrafa WPS/PQR kamar shigar da zafi da ƙaramar aikin hydrogen) da aiwatar da tabbacin taurin lokacin da aikin ITP/spec ya buƙaci don rage haɗarin SSC.

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